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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect ) 

是指當打開(kāi)的閥門突然關閉(bì)，由于壓力水流的(de)慣性，産生水🤟流沖(chòng)擊波，并産生破壞(huài)作用，這就是水利(lì)學當中的“水(shui)錘效應”，也就(jiu)是正水錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相(xiàng)反，關閉的閥門在(zài)突然打開後，也會(hui)産生水錘，叫負水(shuǐ)💰錘，也有一定的破(po)壞力，但沒有前者(zhě)大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效應(yīng)就好像是追尾，最(zuì)前面的車突然停(tíng)車了🌂，為後面的車(chē)未及時發現，從而(ér)造成了連環追尾(wěi)事故，緻使最前面(mian)🈚的車破壞嚴重。水(shuǐ)錘效應就是與這(zhe)☔個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通(tong)常，在閥門接近關(guān)閉時閉合元件突(tu)然吸入閥座，稱為(wéi)溶缸閉鎖效應。

溶缸閉鎖效應(yīng)是由低推力執行(háng)機構所造成的，該(gai)執行機構沒🤟有足(zu)夠的推力以保持(chi)在接近閥座的位(wèi)置，導緻泵的突然(rán)關閉或閥門的突(tū)然關閉，從而産生(sheng)水錘效應。對于控(kong)制閥，在某些情況(kuang)下，快開型流量特(te)性的閥門也能導(dao)緻水錘效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.   

雖然水錘産生很(hen)大的噪音，但真正(zheng)的損害是由機㊙️械(xiè)失效造💯成㊙️的。因為(wéi)由動能急劇地變(bian)化成靜态的管線(xian)壓力，水錘會沖破(po)管線或損傷管子(zǐ)支架和損害管線(xian)接頭。對于閥門，水(shuǐ)錘能夠通過閥芯(xīn)産生嚴🌈重振動，它(tā)可能導緻‼️閥芯、墊(nian)片或填料的失效(xiao)。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥門，防(fáng)止水錘的辦法是(shi)防止系統任(rèn)何突然的壓力變(biàn)化。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.  

包括放慢(man)閥門本身的關閉(bi)速度或當閉合元(yuan)件接近閥座📞時提(ti)🔞供較大程度的拉(la)力和剛性。為防止(zhǐ)壓力波動，閥門應(ying)以均勻變動的速(sù)度進行關閉。在某(mǒu)些情況下，當使用(yong)快開特性，可以要(yào)求改變為等百分(fèn)比特性。對于在接(jie)❤️近閥座時必須節(jie)流📱的控制閥☔，應當(dang)使用輸出推力足(zú)夠🐉大的執行機構(gòu)，如活塞式🌏氣動執(zhí)行機構或液壓執(zhi)行機構，或在手動(dòng)旋✉️轉的操作器的(de)行程套管上設置(zhi)特殊缺口，将減少(shao)或防止🔴溶缸閉鎖(suǒ)效應。在管線系統(tong)上設置某種類型(xíng)的🤟防波動措施也(yě)能減少水錘。可使(shǐ)用壓力洩放閥或(huò)緩沖桶完成。此外(wai)氣體可被注入系(xi)統内，氣體的注⭕入(ru)能減少流體的密(mi)度并提⭐供某些壓(yā)縮性以處理任何(hé)突然的波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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